Line 107:Line 107: |oclc=457536196|oclc=457536196 |ref={{sfnRef|Loir}}|ref={{sfnRef|Loir}} }} • {{cite journal |editor-last=Marbeau |editor-first=Édouard |title=Correspondances et Nouvelles |pages=742–751 |journal=Revue Français de l'Étranger et des Colonies et Exploration Gazette Géographique |volume=IX |year=1889 |location=Paris |publisher=Imprimerie et Librairie Centrales des Chemins de Fer |ref={{sfnref|Marbeau}} |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Revue_francaise_de_l_etranger_et_des_col/Hc8RAAAAYAAJ }}}} • {{cite book* {{cite book https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:French_cruiser_Kergu%C3%A9len_NH_74986.png Kerguélen History France Name Kerguélen Builder _Arsenal de Cherbourg (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsenal_de\Cherbourg) Laid down 17 August 1868 Launched 19 September 1872 Commissioned 1 November 1874 General characteristics Class & type_Bourayne_-class cruiser (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bourayne-class_cruiser) Displacement 1,289.2t (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonne) (1,268.8 long tons (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_ton); 1,421.1 short tons (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_ton)) Length 65.16 m (213 ft 9 in) (loa (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_overall)) Beam 10.42 m (34 ft 2 in) Draft 4.8 m (15 ft 9 in) (maximum) Installed power* 2 × Scotch marine boilers (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotch_marine_boiler) • 900 to 1,200 ihp (670 to 890 kW) Propulsion* 1 × compound engine (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_engine) • 1 × screw propeller (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screw_propeller) Sail planBarque (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barque) Speed 11.3 to 12.8 knots (20.9 to 23.7 km/h; 13.0 to 14.7 mph) Range 3,700 nautical miles (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nautical_mile) (6,900 km; 4,300 mi) at 10 kn (19 km/h; 12 mph) • *Kerguélen** was an unprotected cruiser (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unprotected_cruiser) of the Bourayne class (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bourayne-class_cruiser) built for the French Navy (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Navy) in the late 1860s. Design The Bourayne class (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bourayne-class_cruiser) of unprotected cruiser (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unprotected_cruiser) was designed in the late 1860s; the ships were based on the earlier steam corvette (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_corvette)Monge (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_corvette_Monge&action=edit&redlink=1), but influenced by the armament adopted for the larger Sané-class cruisers (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=San%C3%A9-class_cruiser&action=edit&redlink=1). The Sané adopted an armament of just a few medium-caliber guns instead of a larger number of light weapons as had been used in older French cruisers. A total of ten ships were ordered to the design. The last pair, Kerguélen and Duchaffault (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_cruiser_Duchaffault) were altered slightly, becoming a distinct sub-class.[[1]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_cruiser_Kergu%C3%A9len&diff=1360246366&oldid=1359080880#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts113%E2%80%93114-1) Kerguélen was 65.16 m (213 ft 9 in) long overall (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_overall), and she had a beam (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beam_(nautical)) of 10.42 m (34 ft 2 in). She had an average draft (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draft_(hull)) of 4.257 m (13 ft 11.6 in) that was at most 4.8 m (15 ft 9 in) at the stern (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stern), and she displaced (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Displacement_(ship)) 1,289.3t (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonne) (1,268.9 long tons (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_ton); 1,421.2 short tons (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_ton)). She had a wooden hull (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hull_(watercraft)) with a clipper (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clipper) bow. Her normal crew numbered 154 officers and sailors.[[2]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_cruiser_Kergu%C3%A9len&diff=1360246366&oldid=1359080880#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts114-2) The ship's propulsion system consisted of a single horizontal compound engine (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_engine) that drove a single screw propeller (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screw_propeller). Steam for the engine was provided by two coal-fired Scotch marine boilers (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotch_marine_boiler), which were vented through a funnel (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funnel_(ship)) located amidships (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amidships). The propulsion system was designed to produce 920 indicated horsepower (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horsepower#Indicated_horsepower) (690kW (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilowatt)) for a top speed of around 12 knots (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knot_(unit)) (22 km/h; 14 mph). In service, these figures varied between 900 to 1,200 ihp (670 to 890 kW) and speeds of 11.3 to 12.8 knots (20.9 to 23.7 km/h; 13.0 to 14.7 mph). Coal storage amounted to 223.6 t (220.1 long tons; 246.5 short tons), which allowed the ships to steam for up to 3,700 nautical miles (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nautical_mile) (6,900 km; 4,300 mi) at a cruising speed of 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). The ship was fitted with a three-masted barque rig (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barque_rig) to supplement the steam engine on long voyages abroad.[[1]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_cruiser_Kergu%C3%A9len&diff=1360246366&oldid=1359080880#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts113%E2%80%93114-1)[[3]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_cruiser_Kergu%C3%A9len&diff=1360246366&oldid=1359080880#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell317-3) The two Duchaffault-subclass ships carried a different armament than their half-sisters (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sister_ship), consisting of a uniform main battery (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_battery) of six 138 mm (5.4 in) M1870 guns. One gun was on the raised forecastle (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forecastle), another was on the poop deck (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poop_deck), and the other four were in barbette (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbette) mounts, two per broadside (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadside_(naval)). The ship also carried a 84 mm (3.3 in) mountain gun (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_gun). Kerguélen received a pair of 37 mm (1.5 in) Hotchkiss revolver cannon (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotchkiss_revolver_cannon) for close-range defense against torpedo boats (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torpedo_boat) in 1878. She received four more Hotchkiss guns by 1889.[[2]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_cruiser_Kergu%C3%A9len&diff=1360246366&oldid=1359080880#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts114-2) Service history Kerguélen was laid down (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keel_laying) on 17 August 1868 at the _Arsenal de Cherbourg (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsenal_de\Cherbourg) shipyard in Cherbourg (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherbourg). She was launched (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceremonial_ship_launching) on 19 September 1872, after which fitting out (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitting_out) commenced. She was commissioned (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ship_commissioning) on 1 November 1874 to begin sea trials (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_trials), which were completed in January 1875. She was then reduced to the 3rd category of reserve (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reserve_fleet) on 17 January.[[2]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_cruiser_Kergu%C3%A9len&diff=1360246366&oldid=1359080880#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts114-2) The ship next returned to service on 10 November 1878 for a deployment to the China station to protect French interests in the country. Kerguélen sailed from Cherbourg on 28 December and spent the next eighteen months abroad. She arrived back in Cherbourg on 8 June 1881. During a refit in 1883. her forecastle (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forecastle) was extended by 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in).[[4]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_cruiser_Kergu%C3%A9len&diff=1360246366&oldid=1359080880#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts114%E2%80%93115-4) Kerguélen was sent to reinforce French forces waging the Sino-French War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-French_War) in early 1885, but she arrived there in April. By that time, secret negotiations between French and Chinese representatives had already begun, as both countries were losing patience with the costly war, and in late April, an agreement was reached that was formally signed on 9 June, ending the war.[[5]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_cruiser_Kergu%C3%A9len&diff=1360246366&oldid=1359080880#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlender76,_101,_113-5) Following the end of the confict, Kerguélen returned to France in company with the cruiser D'Estaing (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_cruiser_D%27Estaing). The two cruisers towed several torpedo boats from Chinese waters to Saigon (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saigon) in southern Vietnam before continuing on for France.[[6]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_cruiser_Kergu%C3%A9len&diff=1360246366&oldid=1359080880#cite_note-FOOTNOTELoir351-6) In 1890, the ship had been assigned to the North Atlantic Squadron, along with the unprotected cruisers Roland (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_cruiser_Roland), Aréthuse (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_cruiser_Ar%C3%A9thuse), and Sané (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_cruiser_San%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1) and the sloop (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sloop-of-war)Bisson (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_sloop_Bisson&action=edit&redlink=1).[[7]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_cruiser_Kergu%C3%A9len&diff=1360246366&oldid=1359080880#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrassey67-7) Kerguélen was eventually struck from the naval register (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naval_register) on 2 February 1894. She was stationed in Lorient (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorient) and used as a training ship (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Training_ship) for boiler room (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_room) crews and as a repair hulk (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hulk_(ship_type)) for the next four years. In 1898, she became the flagship (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flagship) of the harbor vessels in the port, and she continued to be used as a boiler training vessel. Beginning in 1905, she was converted into a barracks ship (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barracks_ship), a role she filled for the next seven years. The Navy ordered her to be placed for sale on 29 November 1912, and she was eventually sold on 6 October 1913.[[8]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_cruiser_Kergu%C3%A9len&diff=1360246366&oldid=1359080880#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts115-8) Notes 1. ^ Jump up to: a (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_cruiser_Kergu%C3%A9len&diff=1360246366&oldid=1359080880#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoberts113%E2%80%93114_1-0)b (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_cruiser_Kergu%C3%A9len&diff=1360246366&oldid=1359080880#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoberts113%E2%80%93114_1-1)Roberts (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_cruiser_Kergu%C3%A9len&diff=1360246366&oldid=1359080880#CITEREFRoberts), pp.113–114. 2. ^ Jump up to: a (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_cruiser_Kergu%C3%A9len&diff=1360246366&oldid=1359080880#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoberts114_2-0)b (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_cruiser_Kergu%C3%A9len&diff=1360246366&oldid=1359080880#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoberts114_2-1)c (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_cruiser_Kergu%C3%A9len&diff=1360246366&oldid=1359080880#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoberts114_2-2)Roberts (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_cruiser_Kergu%C3%A9len&diff=1360246366&oldid=1359080880#CITEREFRoberts), p.114. 3. ^ (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_cruiser_Kergu%C3%A9len&diff=1360246366&oldid=1359080880#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell317_3-0)Campbell (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_cruiser_Kergu%C3%A9len&diff=1360246366&oldid=1359080880#CITEREFCampbell), p.317. 4. ^ (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_cruiser_Kergu%C3%A9len&diff=1360246366&oldid=1359080880#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoberts114%E2%80%93115_4-0)Roberts (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_cruiser_Kergu%C3%A9len&diff=1360246366&oldid=1359080880#CITEREFRoberts), pp.114–115. 5. ^ (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_cruiser_Kergu%C3%A9len&diff=1360246366&oldid=1359080880#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlender76,_101,_113_5-0)Olender (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_cruiser_Kergu%C3%A9len&diff=1360246366&oldid=1359080880#CITEREFOlender), pp.76, 101, 113. 6. ^ (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_cruiser_Kergu%C3%A9len&diff=1360246366&oldid=1359080880#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELoir351_6-0)Loir (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_cruiser_Kergu%C3%A9len&diff=1360246366&oldid=1359080880#CITEREFLoir), p.351. 7. ^ (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_cruiser_Kergu%C3%A9len&diff=1360246366&oldid=1359080880#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrassey67_7-0)Brassey (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_cruiser_Kergu%C3%A9len&diff=1360246366&oldid=1359080880#CITEREFBrassey), p.67. 8. ^ (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_cruiser_Kergu%C3%A9len&diff=1360246366&oldid=1359080880#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoberts115_8-0)Roberts (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_cruiser_Kergu%C3%A9len&diff=1360246366&oldid=1359080880#CITEREFRoberts), p.115. References • Brassey, Thomas, ed. (1890). "Chapter V: The Foreign Stations" (https://books.google.com/books?id=zfs_AAAAYAAJ). The Naval Annual. Portsmouth: J. Griffin & Co.: 64–68. OCLC (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier))496786828 (https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/496786828). • Campbell, N. J. M. (1979). "France". In Gardiner, Robert (ed.). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905 (https://archive.org/details/conwaysallworlds0000unse_l2e2). London: Conway Maritime Press. pp.283–333. ISBN (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier))978-0-85177-133-5 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85177-133-5). • Loir, M. (1886). L'escadre de l'amiral Courbet, notes et souvenirs [The Squadron of Admiral Courbet, Notes and Memories] (in French). Paris: Berger-Levrault. OCLC (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier))457536196 (https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/457536196). • Marbeau, Édouard, ed. (1889). "Correspondances et Nouvelles" (https://www.google.com/books/edition/Revue_francaise_de_l_etranger_et_des_col/Hc8RAAAAYAAJ). Revue Français de l'Étranger et des Colonies et Exploration Gazette Géographique. IX. Paris: Imprimerie et Librairie Centrales des Chemins de Fer: 742–751. • Olender, Piotr (2012). Sino-French Naval War 1884–1885. Sandomir: Stratus. ISBN (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier))978-83-61421-53-5 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-83-61421-53-5). • Roberts, Stephen (2021). French Warships in the Age of Steam 1859–1914. Barnsley: Seaforth. ISBN (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier))978-1-5267-4533-0 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5267-4533-0).